Is Allah a Pagan God In the Kaaba and baal God and he have daughter al lat?

Translated by Monwar Wazed

Is Allah a pagan god In the Kaaba and baal god and he have daughter al lat?

This is often heard in the online world. Muslims are slapped with the finger of blame and said - "You worship Allah. But did you know that the pagans of Makkah were also really one of the 360 gods worshiped in Makkah?

Response to the allegations regarding the origin of Islam.

This is often heard in the online world. Muslims are slapped with the finger of blame and said - "You worship Allah. But did you know that the pagans of Makkah also worshiped Allah? There were 360 idols of gods in Kaaba. And one of its gods was Allah! So what is the difference between them and you? ”

There is some truth in the words. There are also subtle lies.

What is the meaning of the word 'Allah'? What did the Arabs understand by this from ancient times?

The holy name of Allah comes from the Arabic verb alaha> ya'lahu> ma'luh (لهَله يأله فهو مألوه). At the root of these are the 3 letters Alif, Lam and Ha. The meaning of this verb includes both love and worship. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala is an entity who deserves love and worship. Whom the believers hope and fear, for whom they praise. [1]

It is a sacred word with one and unique creator in Arabic. This unique word has no plural or opposite gender. Edward William Lane's dictionary nicely mentions the meaning and application of the word Allah: - "Allah [Witten with the disjunctive alif Allah, meaning God, i.e. the only true god]" [2]

That is, the word 'Allah' refers to the only true deity.

Cognates derived from the same root word are also found in other Semitic languages, such as Hebrew and Aramaic. In Hebrew, its equivalent words are ‘Elohim’ (אלהים) and ‘Eloah’ (אלוהּ), which are found in the Bible. In the biblical Aramaic language it is synonymous with ‘Elaha’ (ܐܠܗܐ) and in Aramaic a dialect of Syria it is pronounced ‘Alaha’ (ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ). [3]

The common people living in Makkah, Arabia, have been following the religion preached by Ibrahim (peace be upon him) since ancient times as a result of the call and preaching of Ishmael (peace be upon him). That is why they believed in the oneness of God and worshiped God alone. But in the course of time, they gradually forgot the monotheism of Allah and some part of the pure religious teachings, or became indifferent to it. How did idolatry begin in Makkah? A Meccan leader named Amr bin Luhai imported idolatry from Syria (Greater Syria). Idols gradually began to be erected in the Ka'bah, and they too began to be worshiped. But in spite of all this, the monotheism of Allah and some features of Ibrahim (AS) remain in the religion. And some perverted things are mixed with it. From a pure Abrahamic monotheist they became pagan or polytheistic pagans. [4] A period of ignorance, superstition and injustice began in history which is called ‘Ayam Ignorance’.

Many beliefs of the Arab pagans, among other things, are mentioned in the Qur'an, Hadith, and Sira. In various places in the Qur'an, the beliefs of the Arab polytheists or pagans of that time have been refuted.

The Arabs of Makkah considered themselves to be the descendants of Ibrahim (AS), [5] and they also worshiped Allah, the God of Ibrahim (AS). However, at the same time they also worshiped idols. The Arab polytheists also believed in Allah as their Creator. He was also believed to be the creator and lord of the world.

وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَنّ خَلَقَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ ۖ فَأَنَّىٰ يُؤْفَكُونَ

That is, the word 'Allah' refers to the only true deity.

d.Many beliefs of the Arab pagans, among other things, are mentioned in the Qur'an, Hadith, and Sira. In various places in the Qur'an, the beliefs of the Arab polytheists or pagans of that time have been refuted.

.وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَنّ خَلَقَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ ۖ فَأَنَّىٰ يُؤْفَكُونَ

Meaning: If you ask them who created them, they will say: "Allah". Yet where are they going back? [6]

ولئن سألتهم من خلق السماوات والأرض ليقولن الله قل أفرأيتم ما تدعون من دون الله إن أرادني الله بضر هل هن كاشفات ضره أو أرادني برحمة هل هن ممسكات رحمته قل حسبي الله عليه يتوكل المتوكلون

Meaning: And if you ask them who created the heavens and the earth, they will surely say, "Allah." Say (O Muhammad SAW to these polytheists, pagans, etc.): "If Allah wants any harm from me, will those whom you call upon besides Allah be able to remove it?" Or if he wants to have mercy on me, can they resist that mercy? Say: Allah is sufficient for me, and in Him do the trusting put their trust. [7]

They introduced various newly invented bizarre ideas along with the belief in one God. They begin to have children for the sake of Allah. They started calling 3 imaginary goddesses named Lat, Manat and Uzza as daughters of God (Naujubillah). But they did not have any evidence of such a thing, neither Ibrahim (peace be upon him) nor any previous prophet taught such a thing. The Qur'an mentions this newly invented belief and then rejects this erroneous belief and throws away the filth of paganism and calls for pure monotheism.

19) فَفَرَأَيْتُمُ اللَّاتَ وَالْعُزَّىٰ

(20) وَمَنَاةَ الثَّالِثَةَ الْأُخْرَىٰ

(21) كَلَكُمُ الذَّكَرُ وَلَهُ الْأُنثَىٰ

(22) تِلْكَ ًِذًا قِسْمَةٌ ضِيزَىٰ

(23) إن هي إلا أسماء سميتموها أنتم وآباؤكم ما أنزل الله بها من سلطان إن يتبعون إلا الظن وما تهوى الأنفس ولقد جاءهم من ربهم الهدى

Meaning: Have you thought about Lat and Uzza? And about Manat, which is another third?

Is there a son for you and a daughter for God? This kind of distribution is inconsistent.

These are just some of the names that you and your forefathers gave. God has not sent down any proof in this regard. They only follow conjecture and follow their own instincts. But guidance has come to them from their Lord. [8]

1) Praise be to God, Who has sent down upon His servants the Book, and He has not made it a reward for them. الحَمدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي َنزَلَ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ الْكِتَابَ

(2) Stay away from those who do evil, and those who believe are the ones who do good.

(3) مَّاكِثِينَ فِيهِ أَبَدًا

(4) وَيُنذِرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا

(5) مَا لَهُم بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ وَلَا لِآبَائِهِمْ َ كَبُرَتْ كَلِمَةً تَخْرُجُ مِنْ َْفْوَاهِهِمْ

Meaning: All praise is due to Allah Who has sent down this Book to His servant [Muhammad (pbuh)] and has not left any crookedness in it. He has established it, which warns of the severe punishment from Allah, and gives glad tidings to the believers who do good deeds that they have a good reward. They will abide therein forever. And to warn those who say that Allah has children. They had no knowledge of it, nor did their ancestors. How bizarre is the word of their mouths. Everything they say is a lie. [9]

(88) وَقَالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ وَلَدًا

(89) لَّقَدْ جِئْتُمْ شَيْئًا إِدًّا

(90) The heavens and the earth are scattered from it, and the earth is divided, and the mountains are scattered.

(91) دَن دَعَوْا لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ وَلَدًا

(92) وَمَا يَنَبَغِي لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ يَن يَتَّخِذَ وَلَدًا

(93) كِن كُلُّ مَن فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأْأَرِضِ آِلَّا آتِي الرَّحْمَٰنِ عَبْدًا

(94) لَقَدْ َْحْصَاهُمْ وَعَدَّهُمْ عَدًّا

(95) وَكُلُّهُمْ آتِيهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَرْدًا

Meaning: They say: Merciful [Allah] has taken a child. You have uttered a horrible word. It will cause the heavens to split, the earth to fall apart, and the mountains to crumble. That is because they make children for the Merciful. But adopting a child is not good for the merciful. There is no one in the heavens and the earth but will be a servant to the Merciful. He has their numbers, and He has numbered them. On the Day of Resurrection, all of them will come to Him alone. [10]

What did they think of idolatry? What was their argument in favor of it? We know this from the Qur'an. This argument of theirs has been mentioned and refuted in the Qur'an.

(1) The revelation of the Book from Allah, the Exalted in Might, the Wise.

(2) ِّنَّا أَنزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ فَاعْبُدِ اللَّهَ مُخْلِصًا لَهُ الدِّينَ

(3) ألا لله الدين الخالص والذين اتخذوا من دونه أولياء ما نعبدهم إلا ليقربونا إلى الله زلفى إن الله يحكم بينهم في ما هم فيه يختلفون إن الله لا يهدي من هو كاذب كفار

(4) لَوْ َرَادَ اللَّهُ يَن يَتَّخِذَ وَلَدًا لَّاصَطَفَى مِمَا يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ سُبْحَانَهُ ۖ هُوَ اللَّهُ الْوَحُ

(5) خلق السماوات والأرض بالحق يكور الليل على النهار ويكور النهار على الليل وسخر الشمس والقمر كل يجري لأجل مسمى ألا هو العزيز الغفار

Meaning: “This Book has been sent down by Allah, the Almighty, the Wise. I have sent down this Book to you [Muhammad (pbuh)] in truth. Therefore, worship Allah in obedience to Him with a pure heart. Know that unconditional obedience belongs to Allah.

Those who take other gods besides Allah and say: "We worship them only that they may bring us nearer to Allah."

Surely Allah will judge between them concerning that wherein they used to differ. GOD does not guide him.

If God willed to have children, He would have chosen whatever He willed from His creation. He is God, the Almighty. He created the heavens and the earth with truth. He covers the night with the day, and covers the day with the night, and He has appointed the sun and the moon, each moving about for a term. Know that He is the Mighty, the Forgiving. [11]

They believed that God was in control of everything. The idea of the gods was that they would bring them closer to God or intercede for them. They did not associate those idols with God.

In addition to believing in God, the polytheistic nation also used to say that there is no "partner of God". But after saying this, they used to associate in the worship of Allah with bizarre misinterpretations. They got the provision of Hajj from the Shari'ah of Ibrahim (AS). They continued that Hajj for generations, but introduced various innovations (bidat) and polytheism (shirk) into it.

They used to perform Hajj, circumambulate, prostrate before the idol and prostrate before it. They used to recite Shirk Talbiyah during Tawaf. - لَبَّيْكَ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَكَ إِلاَّ شَرِيكًا هُوَ لَكَ تَمْلِكُهُ وَمَا مَلَكَ

That is, ‘O Allah! I show up. You have no partner - except the partner who is under you. You own him and his property, and he does not own it. ” After the mushriks said ‘Labbaika la sharika laka’ {I am present, you have no partner রাস, the Prophet (pbuh) used to say to them “Qwad, Qwad” (stop, stop). [12]

After the conquest of Makkah, Rasulullah (7) again introduced the pure monotheistic Hajj Talbiyah there. Talbiyya removes the wrong things from the previous one, maintains the right things.

Islamic Talbiyah Hall,

لَبَيّكَ اللَّهُمَ لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ لاَ شَرِكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ

That is - “I am present, O Allah, I am present. I am present, you have no partner, I am present. Surely all praise, grace and empire are yours; You have no partners' [13]

We saw that the polytheists of Makkah did not consider their other deities to be equal to Allah even if they set up partners. The rank of Allah was the highest among them. To those pagans of ancient Arabia, God was considered the great creator. And this creator had no earthly deity in their eyes at all. To them the gods were earthly and above Allah.

Hisham Ibn Kalbi's Kitabul Asnam contains a detailed account of the deities worshiped in that region during the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him). [14] This book, written in the 7th century, lists the gods and goddesses worshiped at that time. This is one of the main sources of information. This is but there is no mention of any idol of 'Allah' in the whole book.

Sirat Ibn Hisham also mentions the gods and goddesses worshiped at that time. But there is no mention of any idol of Allah. [15]

The Oxford Islamic Studies website also states that Arab pagans never made idols of God. [16] Therefore, the statement of the enemies of Islam that Allah was one of the 360 gods of the Arab polytheists or worshiped with idols is completely fabricated and baseless.

The following incident gives a clear idea about the religion of the pagans of Arabia in the age of ignorance.

An old Bedouin named Husain once came to Rasulullah (7). The Prophet (peace be upon him) asked him, "How many of you do you worship, Husain?"

He said, “6 people. 6 on earth and 1 in heaven. ” [17]

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) asked him again, "Whom do you fear?" He said, "He who is in heaven."

He asked, "Hussein, who do you want?" He said, "To Him who is in heaven."

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) then said, "Then reject those on earth who are in the heavens [Allaah] and worship Him alone."

[Listening to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh)] Hussain accepted Islam. [18]

This pagan Arab also believed in God, as well as in the imaginary gods and goddesses of different worlds.

They used to associate partners with Allah. That word has come up in the pages of Al-Quran:

وَمَا يُؤْمِنُ َكْثَرُهُم ب بِاللَّهِ ِلَّا وَهُم مُّشْرِكُونَ

Meaning: Most of them believe in Allah, but associate partners with Him. [19]

Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) spoke out against these newly invented polytheistic beliefs of the polytheistic Arabs, and called for pure Abrahamic monotheism by the revelation of God. In the Qur'an, those pagan gods and goddesses have been claimed to be completely invalid and baseless. There is only one call to the worship of the one and only God. It calls for a return to the pure religion that was once preached by their ancestor Ibrahim (as).

“And who can turn away from Abraham's example, except he who has made a fool of himself? And verily I have chosen him in this world, and in the Hereafter he will be among the righteous.

When his Lord said to him, ‘Surrender’. He said, ‘I have surrendered myself to the Lord of all creation’. And this is what Ibrahim (Abraham) advised his children and Ya’qub (that is): ‘O my children, surely Allah has chosen this religion for you. So do not die unless you are Muslims. Were you present when Jacob's death came, when he said to his sons: What will you worship after me? They said: "We will serve your God, and the God of your fathers, Abraham, Ishmael, and Isaac - that unique God, and to Him we will submit." [20]

Ibrahim was neither a Jew nor a Christian, but he was a Hanif (devout) Muslim and he was not one of the polytheists. Certainly the closest people to Abraham are those who followed him, and so did the Prophet [Muhammad] and the believers. And Allah is the Guardian of the believers. " [21]

"And Allah says: Do not take two gods. There is only one God. So fear Me." [22]

"He invokes instead of Allah that which can neither harm him nor benefit him. That is the great error." [23]

"They worship besides Allah that for which no authority has been revealed, and they have no knowledge of it. Indeed, the wrongdoers have no helpers." [24]

"And those who invoke other than Allah do not create anything; they are themselves created. They are dead and do not know when they will be resurrected." [25]

"Those whom you worship besides Allah will not be able to produce a single fly, even though they are all gathered together. Both are powerless. " [26]

So, is there any other god with Allah? God is far above what they associate with Him. "[27]

Say: Call upon those whom you assert besides Allah, they do not possess an atom's weight of the heavens and the earth, they have no part in it, and none of them can help Allah. [28]

Say (O Muhammad SAW to these polytheists, pagans, etc.): "Have you considered your associates whom you invoke instead of Allah? Show me if they have created anything on earth. Rather, the wrongdoers make false promises to each other. " [29]

"... and whoever associates anything with Allah, it is as if he fell from the sky, then the mortal bird grabbed him, or the wind blew him away and threw him into a distant place." [30]

"How many gods have they taken instead of Him [Allah], who do not create anything and they are themselves created and they can neither do good nor harm themselves, nor do they own life, death or resurrection." [31]

"The example of those who take other than Allah as helpers is the spider. He builds the house. And the house of the spider is the weakest of all houses, if they only knew." [32]

"And those whom you call on besides Him will not be able to help you, nor will they be able to save themselves." [33]

"Those whom you worship besides Allah are the fuel of Hell. You will enter it." [34]

They will be asked: "Where are they whom you used to worship instead of Allah?" Can they help you, or can they take revenge? Then they and the erring ones will be thrown headlong into Hell. And all the forces of Iblis. "[35]

“And fight in the way of Allah as you should. He has chosen you. He did not impose harshness on you in religion. This is the religion of your father Ibrahim. He named you Muslims before, and in this Book, that the Messenger may be a witness for you, and that you may be witnesses for mankind. So keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate and follow Allah; He is your Guardian, the Best Guardian, and the Best Helper! ” [36]

One of the prayers and remembrances that remind Allah in the morning and in the evening is:

أصبحنا / أمسينا على فطرة الإسلام, وعلى كلمة الإخلاص, وعلى دين نبينا محمد (ﷺ), وعلى ملة أبينا إبراهيم, حنيفا مسلما وما كان من المشركين,

Meaning: “We have arrived in the morning / evening on the Fitrat of Islam, on the faithful word (Tawheed), on the religion of our Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), and on the doctrine of our father Ibrahim (pbuh) who was a devout Muslim and one of the polytheists. Was not. " [37]

Thus Muslims are witnessing monotheism every day, associating themselves with Ibrahim (AS) and declaring the renunciation of paganism. Those who want to associate Islam with paganism impose the complete opposite of the truth on Islam. Islam is not pagan at all, Islam is completely Abrahamic. Abraham (peace be upon him) and all the prophets of God preached the same religion. And that is Islam.

The article entitled ‘Allah’ in the Encyclodia Britannica states:

“The name’s origin can be traced to the earliest Semitic writings in which the word for god was il or el, the latter being used in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament). Allah is the standard Arabic word for God and is used by Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews as well as by Muslims regardless of their native tongue. ” [38]

That is, the source of the name of God can be found in ancient Semitic writing, where the word ‘il’ or ‘l’ was used for a deity. The word 'L' is used in the Hebrew Bible, that is, in the Old Testament part of the Bible. To Arabic-speaking Jews, Christians, ‘Allah’ is the standard word for creator. And it is the standard word for any speaking Muslim.

We have already discussed that even among the pagan Arabs, Allah was not the name of any earthly deity but was considered as the creator of the whole world and the deity of Ibrahim (AS). The worship of God was common not only among pagan Arabs but also among Jews and Christians who practiced two other Abrahamic religions in the Middle East. From ancient times to the present day, Arabic-speaking Jews and Christians all call the Creator 'Allah'. Today, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, and Lebanon are home to millions of Arabic-speaking Christians. The word ‘Allah’ has been used in place of God in their scripture Arabic Bible. They also call the great being, the deity of Ibrahim (AS), ‘Allah’. [39]

Any Arabic speaker who says 'Allah' understands Abrahamic God. Does not understand any pagan god or idol god. If 'Allah' meant a pagan deity, the name would not have been used in other Abrahamic religions.

Here is a screenshot from the 9th century Arabic translation of the Bible by the Jewish scholar Sadia Gaon. See the use of the name 'Allah' on page 1 of that translation [Genesis chapter 1].

Suppose a person stores pure rain water in a container. After a while, the water became dirty and contaminated.

Then another person filtered and boiled the water and brought it back to its previous place. Now if someone says - that water can not be eaten, because that water was once dirty. ঐ Water must be discarded completely! - So that would be logical? Not at all. Because that water was once dirty but later it was filtered and boiled to purify it, just like that water was in its original state. It is enough to purify the water without throwing it away completely.

Similarly, it is completely unreasonable to call the basis of Islam pagan in the history of pagans in ancient Arabia. Because the history of the Arab pagans is not the oldest history of Mecca. They were not pagans all the time. They received the idea of God and the monotheistic religion from Ibrahim (AS) and his son Ishmael (AS). Over time, paganism began among them. Later, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) came among them, removed all paganism among them and re-established pure Islamic monotheism. Islam did not invalidate the pagans' belief in God because that is the correct belief. Only what they used to associate with Allah - they have annulled. Rejects the newly created misconceptions about God. The Arab Jews called Uzair the son of God, [40] and Islam forbade them to do so. Their faith in God and His Messenger did not invalidate them. Christians believed in the Trinity, calling Jesus the Son of God. In the Qur'an, Christians call these things invalid. The belief of Christians in God, the belief in the Hereafter has not been abrogated.

The full discussion here can be expressed by the following points:

1. The people of Makkah got the monotheistic ideology through Ibrahim (AS) and Ishmael (AS). They worshiped the one and only God. Over time, various new inventions were introduced in their true religion. Idolatry began among them and they started worshiping one God as well as some idols. Worship of God was the original belief, idolatry was a new invention.

2. The pagan or pagan Arabs worshiped idols of various worldly deities. They did not think of God as a worldly god, but as the creator of the universe and the owner of all things. The builder of the Ka'bah thought of Ibrahim (as) as his god.

3. The pagans of Makkah did not make any idols of Allah. God was not at all one of the newly invented 360 gods.

4. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) received revelation from Allah and started preaching that original monotheistic religion (Islam) again. One calls for the worship of God and forsaking all forms of idolatry and paganism. The futility of polytheism of the polytheists has been repeatedly described and refuted in the Qur'an.

5. By the command of Allah, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) removed the new inventions of the religion of the polytheists and maintained the original correct things. Worship of one God, the Abrahamic rites of Hajj - these were part of that original monotheistic ideology. They are in force in the Shari'ah of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).

6. Islam did not agree with the paganism of the Arab polytheists, their newly invented idea of a mixed creator did not embrace Islam. The Qur'an again denies their paganism. There one is asked to worship a unique God and to return to the Abrahamic doctrine. Therefore, no matter how many Arab pagans worship gods and goddesses in the pre-Islamic era, there is no way to call the source of Islam pagan. Because their paganism has been clearly rejected in Islam.

1) قُلأ يَا افَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ

(2) لَا أَعْبُدُ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ

Meaning: Say: O disbelievers, I do not worship what you worship. [41]

References

[1]. Blessed “… The blessed name" Allaah "is derived from the Arabic verb alaha / yalahu / malooh [the root of which is the three letters alif, laam, haa]. This verb includes the meaning of love as well as worship. Allaah, may He be glorified and exalted, is the One Who is loved, glorified and feared by the believers, and they put their hope in Him. ”

From: “Doubts of one who is interested in Islam - IslamQA (Shaykh Muhammad Saalih al-Munajjid)”

https://islamqa.info/en/1930/

■ 'Mukhtarus Sihah' - Zainuddin Ibn Abi Bakr R Razi Al Hanafi, 1/20

[2]. Edward William Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon (London: Willams & Norgate, 1863), under the entry "Allah"

[3]. ■ The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon - Entry for ʼlh

Allah “Allah - Wikipedia”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allah#Etymology

[4]. ‘R Rahikul Makhtum’ - Shafiur Rahman Mubarakpuri (R.) [Tauhid Publications] Page 55

[5]. ‘R Rahikul Makhtum’ - Shafiur Rahman Mubarakpuri (R.) [Tauhid Publications] Page 72

[6]. Al-Quran, Zukhruf 43: 7

7]. Al-Quran, Friday 39:38

[8]. Al-Quran, Najm 53: 19-23

[9]. Al-Quran, Kahf 16: 1-5

[10]. Al-Quran, Maryam 19: 8-95

[11]. Al-Quran, Friday 39: 1-5

[12]. Sahih Muslim, Hadith No. 1185; Mishkat, Hadith No. 2554

[13]. Sahih Bukhari, Hadith No: 5915; Sahih Muslim, Hadith No. 28

[14]. The book can be read and downloaded from here: https://archive.org/details/KitabAlAsnam]

[15]. Siratun Nabi (PBUH) - Ibn Hisham [Islamic Foundation Bangladesh], Volume 1, Pages 96-112

[16]. "Allah - Oxford Islamic Studies Online"

http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e128

[17]. In Surah Mulk 8:16 also the words فِي السَّمَاءِ are in the case of Allah. According to Hafiz Ibn Abdul Bar (ra), فِي السَّمَاءِ means "above the sky". That is, above the throne [because the throne is above the sky; See ‘Al Bidaya wan Nihaya’ - Ibn Kathir (R.), Volume 1, Pages 54-55)]. As it is in Surah Tawba 9: 2 - "So walk about the earth for four months ..." See ‘At Tamhid’ 6/130. Nothing can surround Allah.

It can have another meaning, and that is - 'above'. Because in Arabic ‘سماء’ also means ‘above’. See details: “What is meant by saying“ Allah is in heaven ”- islamqa (Shaykh Muhammad Saalih al Munajjid)”

https://islamqa.info/en/131956/

[18]. বিন لأنك الله رحلة إلى السماء السابعة (Li Annakallah)

দেখুন See also, Tirmidhi, 3620-12 / 452

[19]. Al-Quran, Yusuf 12: 106

[20]. Al-Quran, Baqarah 2: 130-133

[21]. Al-Quran, Ali Imran 3: 6-7

[22]. Al-Quran, Nahl 16:51

[23]. Al-Quran, Hajj 22:12

[24]. Al-Quran, Hajj 22:61

[25]. Al-Quran, Nahl 16: 20-21

[26]. Al-Quran, Hajj 22:63

[27]. Al-Quran, Namal 26: 63

[28]. Al-Quran, Saba 34:22

[29]. Al-Quran, Fatir 35:40

[30]. Al-Quran, Hajj 22:31

[31]. Al-Quran, Furqan 25: 3

[32]. Al-Quran, Ankabut 29:41

[33]. Al-Quran, A'raf 7: 196

[34]. Al-Quran, Ambiya 21:98

[35]. Al-Quran, Shu'ara 26: 92-95

[36]. Al-Quran, Hajj 22: 7

37]. Hisnul Muslim, Musnad Ahmad 3/406, 406, No. 15360 and No. 15563; Ibn Sunni, Amalul Yaomi Wal-Lailah, No. 34. See also Sahihul Jame '4/209

[38]. "Allah - Encyclopedia Britannica"

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Allah

[39]. It can be easily checked by looking at the online Arabic Bible.

https://www.wordproject.org/bibles/ar/

[40]. There is a detailed discussion on this website: "Do the Jews really believe that Ezra is the son of God?" In the title text

[41]. Al-Quran, Kafirun 109: 1-2